LiteASR：基于低秩近似的高效自动语音识别

LiteASR: Efficient Automatic Speech Recognition with Low-Rank Approximation

February 27, 2025

作者: Keisuke Kamahori, Jungo Kasai, Noriyuki Kojima, Baris Kasikci

cs.AI

摘要

现代自动语音识别（ASR）模型，如OpenAI的Whisper，依赖于深度编码器-解码器架构，其编码器由于计算强度高，成为高效部署的关键瓶颈。我们推出了LiteASR，一种针对ASR编码器的低秩压缩方案，在保持转录准确性的同时显著降低了推理成本。我们的方法利用了中间激活中观察到的强低秩特性：通过使用一个小型校准数据集进行主成分分析（PCA），我们以一系列低秩矩阵乘法近似线性变换，并进一步优化自注意力机制以在降维空间中工作。评估结果表明，我们的方法能够将Whisper large-v3的编码器尺寸压缩超过50%，在达到Whisper medium尺寸的同时提供更优的转录准确性，从而在效率与性能之间确立了新的帕累托最优前沿。LiteASR的代码可在https://github.com/efeslab/LiteASR获取。

English

Modern automatic speech recognition (ASR) models, such as OpenAI's Whisper, rely on deep encoder-decoder architectures, and their encoders are a critical bottleneck for efficient deployment due to high computational intensity. We introduce LiteASR, a low-rank compression scheme for ASR encoders that significantly reduces inference costs while maintaining transcription accuracy. Our approach leverages the strong low-rank properties observed in intermediate activations: by applying principal component analysis (PCA) with a small calibration dataset, we approximate linear transformations with a chain of low-rank matrix multiplications, and further optimize self-attention to work in the reduced dimension. Evaluation results show that our method can compress Whisper large-v3's encoder size by over 50%, matching Whisper medium's size with better transcription accuracy, thereby establishing a new Pareto-optimal frontier of efficiency and performance. The code of LiteASR is available at https://github.com/efeslab/LiteASR.